This level of detail is
suitable for Mains answer writing and Statement-based Prelims
questions.

1. Polity & Governance: Rights of Disabled Prisoners

Context: The Supreme Court issued a landmark order to bring
prisoners with disabilities under the statutory protection of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (RPWD) Act, 2016 .
This was in response to a plea highlighting the “inhumane prison
conditions” suffered by G. Saibaba and Stan Swamy .

·        
Judicial Bench: Justices Vikram Nath and Sandeep Mehta .

·        
Key Directive: Section 89 of the RPWD Act (which deals with
punishment for contravention) is now applicable to prison establishments .

·        
Penal Provisions:

First Offence: Fine of ₹10,000 .

Subsequent Offence: Fine between ₹50,000 and ₹5 lakh .

·        
Mandatory
Facilities: Prisons must provide
assistive devices (mobility aids), specialized medical care, and meaningful
access to inclusive education .

·        
Double Punishment: The court observed that disabled prisoners
currently face “double punishment”—one for their crime and another
for “the crime of being handicapped” .

·        
TNPSC Relevance: The court specifically directed that the
guidelines from the L. Muruganantham case (2025), which
upheld prisoner rights in Tamil Nadu, must now
be extended to prisons across India .

2. International Relations: India-Russia Summit

Context: Russian President Vladimir Putin visited New
Delhi. Despite Western sanctions and the Ukraine war, India maintained its
“strategic autonomy” .
·        
Economic Roadmap: The focus was on the “Development of
Strategic Areas of India-Russia Economic Cooperation till 2030” .
·        
Labour Mobility
Agreement: A key outcome was an
agreement to facilitate Indian skilled workers to work in Russia .
Reason: Russia expects a manpower shortage of 3 million jobs by the end of the decade .
·        
Trade Corridors: Efforts to smooth bilateral trade via:
Chennai-Vladivostok Eastern
Maritime Corridor .
International North-South
Transport Corridor (INSTC) .
·        
Fertilizers: An MoU was signed to build a urea plant in Russia
by Indian and Russian companies .
·        
Geopolitical
Stance:
PM Modi stated the
relationship is steady like a “Pole Star (Dhruva Tara)” .

On Ukraine, PM Modi clarified:
“India is not neutral, it stands on the side of peace” .

3. Economy & Agriculture: Circular Economy in Dairy

Context: Union Home Minister Amit Shah inaugurated a
bio-CNG plant at Banas Dairy in Gujarat, emphasizing the shift to a
“Circular Economy” .

·        
Concept: A circular economy in dairy involves using waste
products (cattle dung) to generate value (biogas, fertilizer) rather than just
relying on milk .

·        
Economic Target: Implementation of this model is expected to raise
dairy farmers’ income by 20% over the next 5
years .

·        
Key Initiative: The targets are set under the ‘White Revolution 2.0’ initiative .

·        
Future Plans: All major cooperative dairy heads will visit Banas
Dairy in January 2026 to study this model .

4. Environment & Society: Gendered Impact of Heat

Context: A study by the M.S. Swaminathan Research
Foundation (MSSRF) in Chennai analyzed the impact of extreme heat on
women in 7 states (including Tamil Nadu,
Telangana, Rajasthan) .
·        
Key Findings:
Wage Loss: 97% of respondents reported wage losses exceeding ₹1,500 during summer months (April-June) .
Health: 70% of women in high heat vulnerability districts
reported fatigue and dizziness. There is a strong link to reproductive health
issues like cycle disruptions.
Violence Link: 72% reported higher levels of domestic violence
during peak heat months, linking extreme heat to economic stress and household
tension .

·        
Vulnerability: Women who are poor, from rural areas, or lower
castes reported significantly higher physical and mental distress .

5. Social Justice: Child Marriage

Context: A drive in Rajasthan targets ending child
marriage, supported by a national campaign .
·        
Data (NFHS-5):
Rajasthan Prevalence: 25.4% (Higher than national average) .
National Average: 23.3% .

High Risk Districts: Chittorgarh and Bhilwara have over 40% prevalence .

·        
National Goal: The Union Ministry has launched a movement to
eliminate child marriage by 2030, aligning with
UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) .

·        
Campaign Phases:

Phase 1: Awareness in schools/colleges.
Phase 2: Engaging faith leaders.
Phase 3: Mobilizing Gram Panchayats to pass resolutions .