THE HINDU NEWS EXAM POINT  (dated November 28, 2025), here are the
comprehensive current affairs notes structured for UPSC and TNPSC preparation.

 

I. Polity &
Governance (GS Paper II / General Studies)

1. Simultaneous
Elections (One Nation, One Election)

·        
News: The Union Law Ministry defended the proposal for simultaneous elections
before the Joint Parliamentary Committee (JPC).

·        
Key Arguments for Mains/Group
I:

o   
Basic Structure: The Ministry argued that synchronizing elections does not violate
the “Basic Structure” of the Constitution or federalism.

o   
Tenure Flexibility: The 5-year tenure (Articles 83(2) and 172(1)) is not sacrosanct. The
phrase “unless sooner dissolved” implies the framers envisaged
premature dissolution.

o   
Precedent: Cited the 42nd Amendment (Emergency era), which extended tenure to 6
years, to argue that tenure can be amended.

o   
Rights: The right to vote and contest (Article 326) are statutory rights, not
Fundamental Rights in this context.

·        
Objective: To reduce poll frequency and expenditure.

2. Regulation of
Online Content

·        
News: The Supreme Court has asked the government to create a mechanism to
regulate user-generated content.

·        
Proposed Mechanism: An “impartial and autonomous authority” to vet content,
independent of broadcasters and the government.

·        
Reasoning: To protect innocents from “anti-national,” obscene, or
reputation-damaging content which goes viral before platforms can take it down.

·        
Suggested Checks: Use of Aadhaar details to verify user age for adult content.

3. Assam
Prohibition of Polygamy Bill, 2025

·        
News: Assam Assembly passed a bill banning polygamy.

·        
Key Provisions: Penalizes entering a second marriage without legally dissolving the first.
Punishment up to 10 years.

·        
Next Step: The CM announced that a Uniform Civil Code (UCC) bill will be the
next step for Assam.

 

II. Economy (GS
Paper III / Economics)

1. IMF Grades
India’s Data as ‘C’

·        
News: The IMF’s annual Article IV assessment gave India’s national accounts
statistics (GDP/GVA) a ‘C’ grade.

·        
Meaning: Data has “shortcomings that somewhat hamper surveillance”.

·        
Issues Highlighted:

o   
Outdated base year (2011-12).

o   
Use of Wholesale Price Index (WPI) for deflators instead
of Producer Price Indices.

o   
Discrepancies between “production” and
“expenditure” approaches to GDP.

·        
CPI Rating: Consumer Price Index (inflation data) received a ‘B’ grade but was
criticized for an outdated consumption basket (also 2011-12).

2. Implementation
of 4 Labour Codes

·        
News: The four Labour Codes became effective on November 21, 2025²⁰.

·        
The Codes: Code on Wages, Industrial Relations Code, Social Security Code, and OSH
Code.

·        
Key Reforms:

o   
Gig Workers: Included under social security coverage.

o   
Ease of Compliance: Single registration, single license, and single return for businesses²³.

o   
Workers’ Rights: Universal minimum wages and a 48-hour work week.

·        
Criticism (Mains Perspective): Trade unions argue it promotes “hire and fire” (fixed-term
employment) and centralizes power, diluting state authority.

3. Tex-RAMPS
Scheme

·        
News: Centre approved ‘Textiles Focused Research, Assessment, Monitoring,
Planning and Start-up (Tex-RAMPS) Scheme’.

·        
Budget: ₹305 crore (2025-2031).

·        
Aim: To strengthen research, innovation, and data systems (like ‘India-size’
study) in the textile sector.

 

III. Science &
Technology (GS Paper III)

1. Skyroot
Aerospace & Vikram-I

·        
News: PM Modi inaugurated Skyroot’s “Infinity Campus” in Hyderabad and
unveiled the Vikram-I orbital rocket.

·        
Significance: Marks the success of the private sector in India’s space economy, which
now has 300+ startups. Vikram-I is capable of launching satellites into orbit.

2. Food Safety:
Auramine O

·        
News: Persistent use of banned dye Auramine O found in food items
(sweets, street food).

·        
Prelims Fact: Auramine O is a yellow industrial dye used in textiles/leather. It is carcinogenic
(cancer-causing) and damages the liver/kidney.

·        
Reason for Use: Cheaper and brighter than permitted food colors like tartrazine or natural
saffron.

 

IV. International
Relations (GS Paper II)

1. India-Indonesia
Defence Dialogue

·        
News: 3rd Defence Ministers’ Dialogue held in New Delhi.

·        
Key Outcome: Progress made on the BrahMos supersonic missile deal.

·        
New Initiative: Proposal to form a “Joint Defence Industry Cooperation
Committee”.

·        
Strategic Context: Alignment between India’s “Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative” and
the “ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific”.

 

V. Environment (GS
Paper III)

1. Air Pollution
Governance

·        
Analysis: The editorial highlights that India’s pollution crisis is due to fragmented
governance (responsibility scattered across multiple agencies like CPCB,
CAQM, State boards).

·        
The “Traps”
hindering solution:

o   
Intellectual Trap: Elite, theoretical solutions that don’t match municipal realities.

o   
Western Trap: Importing “best practices” (like smog towers/cloud seeding)
without adapting to Indian constraints (informal economy, weak enforcement).

·        
Way Forward: Needs a coordinating body with clear authority and indigenous solutions
designed for local constraints.